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Modern World War: Threats and Reality Modern world war is a complex phenomenon involving various factors, including technology, politics, economics and social. In the era of globalization, armed conflict does not only occur between countries, but also involves non-state actors such as terrorist organizations and militia groups. One of the main threats is cyber warfare. With advances in information technology, cyber attacks can cripple critical infrastructure, steal data, and damage a country’s reputation. Another threat is the proliferation of nuclear weapons. In recent decades, countries such as North Korea and Iran have been at the center of global attention regarding the development of nuclear weapons. This uncertainty creates tension between major countries, which has the potential to trigger wide-scale conflict. Effective international diplomacy is urgently needed to prevent an escalation of these tensions. The emergence of new powers on the world stage has also complicated the dynamics of international relations. Countries such as China and Russia are seeking to expand their influence, while the United States is trying to maintain its position as the dominant power. Tensions between the Western bloc and non-Western countries are increasingly sharp and have the potential to create open conflict. Identity conflict is also a driver of modern war. Ethnic and religious conflicts often trigger violence in multicultural societies. For example, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa are largely influenced by differences in identity. In this case, reconciliation and dialogue between cultures are very important to create lasting peace. Economic warfare is also increasingly a reality, with countries using sanctions and tariffs to weaken opponents’ economies. Trade competition between the United States and China is a clear example of economic warfare in the modern era. Human rights violations and environmental issues have also become political weapons in contemporary wars, increasing global tensions. Energy security is another factor that influences global stability. Limited natural resources and climate change trigger competition which can lead to conflict. Countries that depend on fossil energy risk negative impacts if they do not switch to renewable energy sources. Therefore, sustainable resource management needs to be a priority for countries around the world. In all these aspects, the role of international organizations such as the UN is very vital. Although often limited by the political interests of its member states, the UN has the potential to facilitate global peace and security. Encouraging international cooperation in handling issues such as armed conflict, climate change and terrorism is a shared responsibility. In the domestic context, countries need to strengthen national defense and security to protect their citizens. Modernizing the armed forces and increasing intelligence capabilities are strategic steps to face global threats. In addition, education about cyber security awareness must be increased among the public to build individual resilience in the face of attacks. Climate change is a real threat that can exacerbate tensions and conflicts in various parts of the world. The availability of clean water, food and adequate shelter is a crucial issue in relation to national security. Countries must collaborate to address the impacts of climate change and develop innovative, sustainable solutions. By understanding the threats and realities of modern world war, we can better prepare ourselves to face the challenges of the future. International cooperation, strengthening global institutions, and increasing public awareness are the keys to building a safer and more peaceful world.