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Climate change has a significant impact on the global economy, posing complex challenges for various sectors. One of the most pronounced aspects is the increase in global temperatures which affects agricultural productivity. Certain crops become less productive, which can lead to a decrease in food supplies. Countries dependent on agricultural products, such as rice and wheat, will experience food inflation and economic instability. With predicted increases in temperatures, farmers must adapt to new varieties that are more resistant to climate change, thereby increasing production costs. The maritime economy also faces serious challenges. Sea level rise threatens ports and coastal infrastructure. Countries with economies that depend on maritime trade need to invest in new infrastructure to protect their assets. This demands significant funds and can burden state budgets, especially for developing countries. Disturbed marine environments also affect the fisheries sector, with negative impacts on fishermen’s income and food security in many areas. The clean water crisis as a result of climate change is also apparent. The decreasing availability of water will disrupt the industrial sector, agriculture and domestic needs. The costs of obtaining alternative water sources will increase, affecting company profit margins. Additionally, water supply instability is linked to public health, potentially resulting in increased health expenditures and reduced labor productivity. The energy sector is also feeling the impact of climate change. The shift towards renewable energy sources in response to the climate crisis creates both opportunities and challenges. Countries that succeed in adapting quickly can lead the global energy market. However, countries that are slow to adapt will risk losing competitiveness. In addition, dependence on fossil fuels could result in economic losses in the event of strict emission reduction policies. The public health aspect is also unavoidable. An increase in extreme weather events, such as storms and droughts, is associated with health risks such as infectious diseases. Increased health burdens can result in large economic costs, reducing overall workforce productivity. The ever-increasing population growth worsens the situation. Limited resources due to the impact of climate change can trigger conflict, which in turn affects the country’s political and economic stability. Countries that are unable to overcome these challenges risk social and economic collapse. Climate change is also driving increasing global inequality. Developing countries that are less able to adapt to climate change have the potential to face much greater economic losses than developed countries. These inequalities create disparities in capacity to deal with risks and recover after disasters, worsening economic conditions in these countries. Environmental sustainability is now a priority in business strategy. Companies that do not account for environmental risks in their business models risk long-term losses. Investors are increasingly paying attention to environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in decision making, which influences company value. Therefore, companies must adapt to sustainable practices to remain relevant and competitive in the global market. Overall, the impact of climate change on the global economy is very complex and involves the interaction of various factors. Every country needs to formulate proactive policies to overcome these challenges to ensure economic stability and long-term sustainability.